Nurse Essay Topics - Important Facts You Need to Know About Nursing Essay Topics

Nurse Essay Topics - Important Facts You Need to Know About Nursing Essay TopicsIf you are hoping to get into a nursing program, one of the things you will have to do is decide on essay topics. While all nursing programs are different, these topics should generally be very similar.You will want to think about the kind of school you are looking at, since each school has its own policies and these topics can vary. You should also look at what kind of nursing career you are interested in pursuing and then choose a topic that relates to that type of career.If you are not sure where to start, a nurse topic can be just as simple as it is with a biology major. Whether you are writing an essay on the diet for a health teacher or on teaching patients to cope with cancer, these topics can be very basic and quite simple.Nurse topics can be quite simple for a professor. A professor will often have a lot of time on his hands and would be happy to help students in this area.The most important thin g to remember when writing a nursing topic is to keep it brief. When writing your essay, you should always keep your essay under two hundred words, even if the topic is very complicated. A two-sentence introduction can make your topic come across easily and accurately.Keep your topic concise and give examples. While you want to include the medical information required for the essays, don't write an essay on a subject that is not related to your field. This may put off some people, but try to find topics that can be easily understood by your audience.Another important part of your essay is to keep it simple and not long winded. If you are too long winded your audience will get bored, so you should keep your essay to one hundred or two pages max.Remember to keep your essay general information oriented and explain what you did to get the information needed. It is important to show how hard work, attention to detail and knowledge will make a nurse.

Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

What causes a plant to be stressed? As with humans, stresses can originate from the surrounding environment or, they can come from living organisms that can cause disease or damage. Water Stress One of the most important abiotic stresses affecting plants is water stress. A plant requires a certain amount of water for its optimal survival; too much water (flooding stress) can cause plant cells to swell and burst; whereas drought stress (too little water) can cause the plant to dry up, a condition called desiccation. Either condition can be deadly to the plant. Temperature Stress Temperature stresses can also wreak havoc on a plant. As with any living organism, a plant has an optimal temperature range at which it grows and performs best. If the temperature is too cold for the plant, it can lead to cold stress, also called chilling stress. Extreme forms of cold stress can lead to freezing stress. Cold temperatures can affect the amount and rate of uptake of water and nutrients, leading to cell desiccation and starvation. Under extremely cold conditions, the cell liquids can freeze outright, causing plant death. Hot weather can affect plants adversely, too. Intense heat can cause plant cell proteins to break down, a process called denaturation. Cell walls and membranes can also melt under extremely high temperatures, and the permeability of the membranes is affected. Other Abiotic Stresses Other abiotic stresses are less obvious but can be equally as lethal. In the end, most abiotic stresses affect the plant cells in the same manner as do water stress and temperature stress. Wind stress can either directly damage the plant through sheer force; or, the wind can affect the transpiration of water through the leaf stomata and cause desiccation. Direct burning of plants through wildfires will cause the cell structure to break down through melting or denaturation. In farming systems, the addition of agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides, either in excess or in deficit, can also cause abiotic stress to the plant. The plant is affected by an imbalance of nutrition or via toxicity. High amounts of salt taken up by a plant can lead to cell desiccation, as elevated levels of salt outside a plant cell will cause water to leave the cell, a process called osmosis. Plant uptake of heavy metals can occur when plants grow in soils fertilized with improperly composted sewage sludge. High heavy metal content in plants can lead to complications with basic physiological and biochemical activities such as photosynthesis. Biotic Stresses Biotic stresses cause damage to plants via living organisms, including fungi, bacteria, insects, and weeds. Viruses, although they are not considered to be living organisms, also cause biotic stress to plants. Fungi cause more diseases in plants than any other biotic stress factor. Over 8,000 fungal species are known to cause plant disease. On the other hand, only about 14 bacterial genera cause economically important diseases in plants, according to an Ohio State University Extension publication. Not many plant pathogenic viruses exist, but they are serious enough to cause nearly as much crop damage worldwide as fungi, according to published estimates. Microorganisms can cause plant wilt, leaf spots, root rot, or seed damage. Insects can cause severe physical damage to plants, including the leaves, stem, bark, and flowers. Insects can also act as a vector of viruses and bacteria from infected plants to healthy plants. The method by which weeds, considered as unwanted and unprofitable plants, inhibit the growth of desirable plants such as crops or flowers is not by direct damage, but by competing with the desirable plants for space and nutrients. Because weeds grow quickly and produce an abundance of viable seed, they are often able to dominate environments more quickly than some desirable plants.

An Experience That Changed My Life Essay - 1058 Words

Introduction: In life we all have something that has changed the way we perceive things. Most things that change a person’s perception happens to be an experience that they have gone thru and learned from. In my case it wasn’t necessarily an experience, it was a dog that changed my perception on life. My mind and heart was opened in a whole new way. I never thought I could love an animal just as much as I loved the people in my life. I always thought it was strange that pet owners loved and treated their pets the same way they treated their children. My perception on dogs or pets in general definitely changed. Throughout this paper you will see why I am a totally different person because of a dog that entered my life. People say a man’s†¦show more content†¦The funniest thing is; she never turned to the left. She would always make circular movements to the left in a quick fashion. Seeing this made my so happy. I would find myself looking forward to it when I was parking the car in the driveway. Tacha was one greedy dog too, she knew that she was not allowed in the kitchen, but the second she thought someone wasn’t looking she would run in the kitchen and snatch whatever was left out on the counter. One time I remember ordering Pizza and the family was all in the dining room eating, and when my son went to grab another piece he noticed that the entire box was on the floor, and the pizza was gone. To our surprise Tacha ate all the pizza. My family would always find this funny, but there were plenty of nights when we couldn’t get seconds on dinner because it was in Tachas belly. Tacha was a smart dog, she was also aware that she was not allowed to get on any of the beds in the house. This didn’t stop her though. On several occasions one of us would walk in the house, and within 1 second we would hear a loud thump and Tacha running down the stairs. The loud thump was Tacha jumping off the bed. Times were not always so funny with Tacha, but I never loved her any less. One day Tacha was in the back yard getting some fresh air. I recall attaching her to the chain and going back in the house. About 1 hour later, the neighbor was banging on my front door screaming, â€Å"Come get your dog, come get your dog, she’s chasingShow MoreRelatedAn Experience that Changed My Life Essay744 Words   |  3 Pagesstriking those that have let me understand myself more deeply. When I first read the topic requested for this essay, I began thinking back upon the many recent intellectual challenges that have involved me. nbsp; A few experiences stood out. There was the philosophy and worldview retreat I attended in November that helped me understand the thought-forms of my culture. There was my literature tutorship, which has taught me not only about great books, but also about Western culture, philosophyRead MoreThe Little Seagull Handbook, By Richard Bullock868 Words   |  4 PagesMany students have struggled with writing essays for their English classes. They have difficulties due to many issues, the least of which is poor writing skills. Each person has their own area of writing which causes them the most trouble. If this lack of skill is not addressed, then a student can be certain that his or her grade will fall. Personally, I have the most difficulty with conclusions, transitions, and comma usage. To address these issues I conducted research and found three effectiveRead MoreMy Writing Experience1159 Words   |  5 Pageson our old essays or writing projects. If I look back, I can see how my writ ings improved, what and where my writing has changed and even find what hasn’t really changed. Of course over the years, my writing style has been modified and adjusted as I learned new things with different teachers. I’ve look back at old essays before, but now it’s time that I look back and really read through to see the history of my writing and how it differs from how I write in the present. Throughout my struggles withRead MoreThe Little Seagull Handbook, By Richard Bullock856 Words   |  4 PagesMany students have struggled with essays for their English class. They have difficulties due to many issues, the least of which are poor writing skills. Each person has their own area of writing which gives them the most trouble. If this lack of skill is not addressed then a student can be certain that his or her grade will fall. Personally, I have the most difficulty with conclusions, transitions, and comma usage. To address these issues I conducted research and found three effective sources; TheRead MoreMy Journey In My Writing : The Journey Of Writing1046 Words   |  5 Pagesis something I enjoy doing to share my opinions and ideas. During this english course, I have learned how to change my writing in ways that make it more intriguing and effective. The essays I have written during this English 101 course have pushed me to change my writing process and write more creatively. Those essays have also forced me to reanalyze my personal opinions and beliefs. After taking this course, I believe that my identity as a writer has changed for the better. The English 101 CompositionRead MoreA Leader Of My Writing1033 Words   |  5 PagesA Leader of My Writing As far as the connections are Greek life helped me understand different parts about my writing. Forcing myself out of my comfort zone, I learned to communicate better with other people and learned to have fun with others around me. My social life during high school is a complete 180 from what it is now. Greek life has aided me in realizing how my writing can be altered in a same fashion as my social life has matured. From Greek life, I met a variety people and had the opportunityRead MoreNarrative Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe Narrative Essay *What is a Narrative Essay? †¢ Narrative writing tells a story. In essays, the narrative writing could also be considered reflection or an exploration of the authors values told as a story. The author may remember his or her past, or a memorable person or event from that past, or even observe the present. †¢ The author may write about: -An experience or event from his or her past. -A recent or ongoing experience or event. Read MoreStarting College During High School Was Probably One Of1208 Words   |  5 PagesSome weaknesses I had before in my writing turned into strengths because of this class. I also learned a lot about my interests and other weaknesses I never knew I had. One of my weaknesses, organization in writing, improved immensely. My improving organization made my papers more interesting and intriguing. My grammar and punctuation also improved due to the in-class quizzes we took every so often. My grades on essays increased greatly throughout time because of my strengthening skills on grammarRead MorePersonal Essay : My Main Priority1563 Words   |  7 PagesMy main priority was to revise assignment three, the personal essay since it was more valuable than the other two major assignments I have written throughout the quarter. In this essay, I found a lot of defects that directed to the confusion to the reader to understand the truths of my life. In this essay, there were a lot of dif ferent techniques I learned such as changing a personal truth to a story in a piece of writing. Another technique, I learned was to make my essay better by including theRead MoreMy Letter For My Application For College Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesFor my rhetorical writing analysis I picked the essay I wrote for my Common Application for college, in my senior year of high school. Before writing it, our guidance counselors told you to pick a prompt that spoke to us. The prompt I picked (if I remember right) was to write about an event that changed your life forever. After thinking for a couple of day, I finally thought of what I was going to write about. In the beginning of writing, I had a hard time but if I had to write it again, I wouldn’t

Causes Of The Great Depression Essay - 3200 Words

Between the late 1890’s, after the panic of 1893, and the late 1920’s, the American people led good lives in which most prospered. In the 1920’s the problems that led to the Great Depression were dispersed over a time of maldistribution of wealth, and what was called a bull market. A bull market is a stock market that is based on speculation. Speculation was a system of borrowing money to buy stocks and selling for a profit. Speculation only worked if the stock market was on the rise though. To this day people who have not been properly educated about the Great Depression believe that President Hoover was the cause. The idea that President Herbert Hoover caused the Depression could have arisen from the fact that he was the President at the†¦show more content†¦The national income rose from $74.3 billion to $89 billion (Gusmorino, Main Causes of the Great Depression). The whole American population did not live through the benefits of the â€Å"Coolidge P rosperity.† For example McElvaine, in his research on the Great Depression, stated, â€Å"in 1929 the top 0.1% of the population had an income equivalent to the bottom 42% of the population,† (McElvaine, Causes of Depression). That same top 0.1% of the population in 1929 had 34% of all the savings, while 80% of the population had no savings at all. A good example of this maldistribution of wealth can be seen with Henry Ford. In 1929, Ford reported an income of fourteen million dollars, while the average income of the American people was seven hundred and fifty dollars annually (McElvaine, Causes of Depression). If one were to calculate these numbers by present daily standards, with the average income at eighteen thousand dollars, Henry Ford would be making an astonishing three hundred and forty five million dollars. However, one should be reminded that Ford was not the only man in America making this amount of money, there were many people just like Ford around the Nati on. Comparing the 1920’s to today, one could say that such businessmen are like the Internet CEO’s today. With such a growing gap in the income of the people, it was without surprise that such a catastrophic event could occur. The FederalShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The Great Depression1319 Words   |  6 Pageshaving classic satisfying life concluded when the Great Depression ushered in the negative trend that would impact the U.S. economy in 1929. Therefore, what happened? In this essay, we will discuss what the Great Depression was for the Americans, the causes of the Great Depression, and the U.S.’s recovery from the Great Depression. The Great Depression One of the terrifying times in the U.S. history is the Great Depression. The Great Depression is an economic phenomenon, which according to theRead MoreGreat Depression and Its Causes1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe causes of the Great Depression of the 1920s and 1930s has been argued about for generations. Most people agree on several key topics and that it was the severity and length of time the Depression lasted that was actually the most remarkable. Hoover made many noteworthy attempts to try and solve this crisis, yet in the end it was President Roosevelt and his New Deal, that brought many Americans hope for the future. The first factor in the start of the Depression was the lack of diversityRead MoreCauses of the Great Depression2012 Words   |  9 Pages The causes of the Great Depression in the early 20th century is a matter of active debate between economists. Although the popular belief is that the main cause was the crashing Stock Market in 1929 caused the Great Depression, There were other major economic events that contributed just as much as the crash, such as American’s overextension of credit, an unequal distribution of wealth, over production of goods, and a severe drop in business revenue. As these events transpired the state of economicRead More Causes of the Great Depression Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesCauses of the Great Depression Throughout the 1920’s, new industries and new methods of production led to prosperity in America. America was able to use its great supply of raw materials to produce steel, chemicals, glass, and machinery that became the foundation of an enormous boom in consumer goods (Samuelson, 2). Many US citizens invested on the stock market, speculating to make a quick profit. This great prosperity ended in October 1929. People began to fear that the boom was going toRead MoreCauses of the Great Depression Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States has experienced recessions about every twenty years (give or take) since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Nothing that had happened before was quite this serious, chaotic, or as long lasting as the Great Depression. The crash was felt far beyond those on the trading floors. Speculators who borrowed money from the banks to buy their stocks could not repay the loans because they could not sell stocks, because no one else would buy them. This caused many banks to fail,Read MoreCauses of The Great Depression Essay701 Words   |  3 Pages Imagine a society where over 25% of the population was unemployed. That is what it reached during The Great Depression (â€Å"The Great Depression†). During the depression unemployment rates were the highest they have ever been. It is highly speculated to this day on what exactly caused The Great Depression. Most historians agree it was a chain of events, one after another, that brought our country into chaos. Some events were more impactful than others. These events caused pandemonium amongRead MoreEssay on The Causes of the Great Depression697 Words   |  3 PagesThe Causes of The Great Depression History Imagine waking up one morning, only to find out that all your investments and savings are gone. So if your bank that you invested all your money in collapsed, you didn’t get any money back. This is what happened to millions of Americans during the 1930s. This era was called the great depression. The great depression was one of the worst economy issues we have ever had in history. It was a hard time for everyone. The great depression started in 1929Read More The Cause of the Great Depression Essay552 Words   |  3 PagesThe Cause of the Great Depression The economic expansion of the 1920’s, with its increased production of goods and high profits, culminated in immense consumer speculation that collapsed with disastrous results in 1929 causing America’s Great Depression. There were a number or contributing factors to the depression, with the largest and most important one being a general loss of confidence in the American economy. The reason it escalated was a general misunderstanding of recessions byRead MoreCauses Of The Great Depression And The Great Recession2292 Words   |  10 Pages1. Examine the causes of the Great Depression of the 1930s and consider what similarities and differences can be drawn with the problems from the financial and economic crisis which began in 2008. Introduction 2007-2009 in America has often been described as the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression in 1929. There was lots of debate whether the economy was slipping back to double dip recession but there is considerable evidence that the economic crisis in 2008 is worse than the crisisRead MoreCauses of the Great Depression Essay651 Words   |  3 PagesIn the 1920s, American economy had a great time. The vast majority of Americans in 1929 foresaw a continuation of the dizzying economic growth that had taken place in most of the decade. However, the prices of stock crested in early September of 1929. The price of stock fell gradually during most of September and early October. On â€Å"Black Tuesday† 29 October 1929, the stock market fell by forty points. After that, a historically great and long economic depression started and lasted until the start of

Green And Fair Trade Marketing assignment paper

Question: Green and fair trade marketing are just marketing ploys to get more money from consumers without really furthering the goals of sustainability or fairer trade. Prepare a report discussing this statement with respect to an organisation with which you are familiar. Focus on either green or fair trade marketing. You will need to describe briefly what green or fair trade marketing practice(s) the organisation engages in. (Note: you are only required to discuss either green or fair trade practices, not both.) (b) Thesis In this part you have to make (an) argument(s) that support(s) the statement in the question, i.e. that green or fair trade marketing as practised by the organisation you have chosen is not conducive to genuine sustainability or fairer trade. You need to give concrete examples that show how this organisations practices do not really support sustainability or fairer trade. (c) Anti-thesis In this part you need to make the opposite argument(s), i.e. that the organisations green or fair trade practices do foster sustainability or fairer trade, again citing concrete examples of how this is the case. (d) Synthesis (Conclusion) In this part of the assignment you need to bring together the arguments from parts (b) and (c) and come to a reasoned conclusion as to whether and to what extent, on balance, you think the organisations practices support sustainability or fairer trade. Answer: Introduction Fair trade marketing is a social movement that is being increasingly adopted by multinationals in developed countries(Moberg 2010). Fair trade aims to promote better trading positions and conditions such that sustainability of the business can be greatly achieved. Advocates of fair trade in companies generally pay higher prices for the raw material in order to improve the social and environmental standards prevailing in the developing country. Fair trade motive is an extension of the corporate socially responsible act that promotes seeks that the product be consumed in developing countries as well, in order to promote equity in international trading. Cadbury is a Britain based multinational confectionery wholly owned by Mondelez International, an American company from 2010(Cadbury Retrieved on 14 th August, 2016). The report aims to analyze the green fair trade practices adopted by the company recently in order to adhere to corporate social responsibility standards and to create grea ter sustainability for its business, hence overcomes the practices of only getting extra money from customers(Pelsmacker 2006). Thesis The acts of green fair trade marketing needs to be adhered by the company and demonstrated in every aspect of the product that it produces(Audebrand 2008). Cadbury was founded in Birmingham in United Kingdom in the year 1824, by John Cadbury. The current headquarters of the company is based in Uxbridge in London and Irene Rosenfeld in the Chairman and CEO of the company. The companys is a highly profitable company that incorporates the CSR norms of fair trade marketing. On several cases the company has faced CSR charges as in 2006 Salmonella scare. Cadbury Schweppes were found contaminated with rare strain of Salmonella bacteria in seven products(The Retrieved on 12th August, 2016). The contamination occurred due to a pipe leakage in Marlbrook plant that produced chocolate crumb mix. The leakage was detected six months and resulted in Food Standards Agency issuing notice to the company to recall its chocolate bars. The company had to bear a cost of GBP20million in order to deal with the leakage and further charges for facing notice from Health Protection Agency. In this case the companys effort to resort to green fair trade practices were not conformed to and it could not pay extra to producers of Cocoa due to the excessive penalty paid by the company. In second case Cadbury had to recall several of its products in 2007 due to labeling error. The packaging on the products did not provide adequate information regarding nuts and potential allergens present in the product especially in Cadbury Schweppes. The minor blunder led to recalling of thousands of chocolate bars in the Somersdale Factory. In 2008 there was melamine contamination found in three Beijing factories of the company(Legalexaminer Retrievd on 9th July, 2016). This led to the brand recalling its products from China markets, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Australia. In 2009 Cadbury products were found to be using hydrogenated oils in its signature products. The nutrition labels that were present on the product mounted to zero value. Subsequently in 2014 there were traces of pork found in the product that were sold in Malaysia(MailOnline Retrieved on 12th August, 2016). Malaysias Department of Islamic Development (JAKIM) reported that several of Cadbury products contained traces o f pork DNA, that led to banning of the product in the country. Cadbury on various instances had proposed that it adopts sustainable practices for ethical business conduct and for greater good of the society. The above cases are a pure contradiction to the nature of green fair trade or sustainable practices that are adopted by the company(Didier 2008). On these various occasions the company made severe losses resulting in their failure or inability to pay extra to the producers of cocoa that can further improve their social conditions. Customers select Cadbury over local chocolate manufacturers due to the trust in the brand image, regarding their conformance to social and sustainable standards. But in cases of ethical violations such extra payments holds no good value and results in mistrust or breach of faith(Connolly 2006). The company on these cases procured cocoa and other necessary raw materials at the lowest cost such that the company can make minimum amount of profits. The producers of cocoa are primarily based in Ghana, who has indecent a nd absolutely formidable health and environmental conditions(Castaldo 2009). The production of cocoa is though comparatively large in scale by exporters benefit the maximum from such production reaping away profits from the producers. One of the advertisements of Cadbury focused that they conformed to the green fair trade practices by procuring the best cocoa from Ghana(Campaign Retrieved on 13th August, 2016). Though the intention of the advertisement as taken well but the basis of the advertisement was controversial. Therefore it can be assumed that the practices of green fair trade marketing are merely a gimmick to make customers pay extra towards sustainability goals(Doran 2009). Anti-thesis Fair trade practices are adopted by companies to attain broader social goals and for attaining sustainable practices(Raynolds 2007). Customers have access to huge amount of information and there is significant rise in social awareness and ethical concerns. Customers generally prefer to purchase products from companies that adopt fair trade practices such that their activities generate greater social effects. Each and every action of an organization has impact on the environment as well as on the larger community. Though there is significant large number of giant chocolate producers around the world but their endeavor has failed to improve the social and environmental conditions for growers of cocoa. Cadbury by adopting fair trade practices is trying to make its mark by its own initiative in the field(Campaign Retrieved on 13th August, 2016). The company has made several initiatives including its hot chocolate beverage and marks. Cadbury plans to invest a GBP 45 million in the coming ten years to farming cocoa in the developing nations. The investment initiative of the company can triple sales of cocoa in fair trade terms, for farmers in Ghana who are into cocoa. The initiative will also benefit millions of other farmers from the scheme, as it aims the development and creation of sustainability for farming and usage of modern techniques and pesticides(MacDonald 2007). Ghana farming uses traditional farming techniques and methods the new scheme will bring them immense opportunity to develop their existing farming practices and will benefit them to earn a more standardized living. It is a first of its kind initiative from Cadbury to address the growing concern of cocoa farming. Though Cadbury had been deeply criticized for its inability to adopt green fair trade practices, this initiative will prove to be a major move in the area of conformance to green fair trade marketing. The company has stringent corporate social responsibility norms and sustainable practices that are aimed at providing immense benefits to the society as a whole(Golding 2009). Researchers have been able to establish though conduct of several studies that fair trade practices has an influence on customer satisfaction which in turns generates greater brand name for the company. Often in fair trade practices when products of the multinational is sold in the raw material market it is ignored due to the existing condition of workers and farmers in the country. The product is often seen to be damaging sentiments for fellow farmers and other individuals involved in the production of the raw materials. Fair trade practices can act as a bridging gap in the sentimental issue and can create broader market and demand for the product. Hence multinational companies that adopt fair trade practices diligently have seen greater share in their revenue generation and increase in wider market access. Cadbury unlike other chocolate manufacturers had been avoiding any ethical practices and norms especially in the area of fair trade practices. There have been quite a few rumors regarding the inability to adopt the strategies related to CSR and its parent companys in-adherence to CSR. Cadbury is a brand name in the market across the world that is loved and admired by individuals globally. Dampening of ethical marketing norms would tamper the companys image in the eyes of the customers as well as shareholders(Hira 2006). The move in fair trade marketing practices has been a major initiative and drive taken by the company to ensure the future of its business and to maintain a competitive edge over others. Conclusion Green fair trade marketing practices is a methodology adopted by sustainable businesses in order to build greater sustainability for their business. The primary aim of fair trade marketing practices is to ensure that the raw material or unfinished products are purchased at a market rate or higher from their producers such that they are able to sustain their businesses in the long run. Cadbury is a large brand image in the field of chocolate manufacturers around the world. the company has earned substantial fame in order to retain its image and make it grow in the market. The report analyses the several challenges in regards to CSR issues that has been faced by the company and the fair trade marketing practices the company has adopted to overcome it. Global companies are often known to reap benefits from developing countries by reaping benefits by extracting raw materials at costs lower and gaining high amounts of profits from their productions itself. Application of fair trade practi ces can help the company gain substantial advantages and create awareness in the minds of customers for the existing problems and situations in a developing country. Thus, there are several positive aspects of fair trade marketing practices and multiple companies have gained significant advantages in terms of their product acceptances and so on. In the light of growing scarcity of cocoa production in Ghana, Cadbury has taken a major initiative to promote and provide a helping atmosphere in the farming. Ghana has been long deprived of the technical and modern methods of farming. The investment initiative by Cadbury will prove to be a major move for all the various farmers who are involved in production of various items in Ghana. Famers will stand to gain along with several corporations who source their raw materials from the place, thus Cadburys fair trade initiative will prove to be a landmark move in the field. Thus it can be concluded that green trade marketing does not only concerns to get extra money from customers, it does benefit the greater community as well. References Audebrand, L.K. and Iacobus, A., 2008. Avoiding potential traps in fair trade marketing: a social representation perspective.Journal of Strategic Marketing,16(1), pp.3-19. Cadbury, U Retrieved on 14 th August, 2016, 'Company History', https://www.cadbury.co.uk/the-story. Campaign, L Retrieved on 13th August, 2016, 'Cadbury Fair Trade Initiative', https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/887247/cadbury-dairy-milk-become-fairtrade#. Castaldo, S., Perrini, F., Misani, N. and Tencati, A., 2009. The missing link between corporate social responsibility and consumer trust: The case of fair trade products.Journal of business ethics,84(1), pp.1-15. Connolly, J. and Shaw, D., 2006. Identifying fair trade in consumption choice.Journal of strategic marketing,14(4), pp.353-368. Didier, T. and Lucie, S., 2008. Measuring consumer's willingness to pay for organic and Fair Trade products.International Journal of Consumer Studies,32(5), pp.479-490. Doran, C.J., 2009. The role of personal values in fair trade consumption.Journal of Business Ethics,84(4), pp.549-563. Golding, K.M., 2009. Fair Trade's Dual Aspect The Communications Challenge of Fair Trade Marketing.Journal of Macromarketing,29(2), pp.160-171. Hira, A. and Ferrie, J., 2006. Fair trade: Three key challenges for reaching the mainstream.Journal of Business Ethics,63(2), pp.107-118. Legalexaminer, N Retrievd on 9th July, 2016, 'Cadbury contained melamine', https://news.legalexaminer.com/melamine-contamination-in-cadbury-chocolates-made-in-china.aspx?googleid=248390. MacDonald, K., 2007. Globalising justice within coffee supply chains? Fair Trade, Starbucks and the transformation of supply chain governance.Third World Quarterly,28(4), pp.793-812. MailOnline, TM Retrieved on 12th August, 2016, 'Cadbury negative publicity', https://www.themalaymailonline.com/money/article/after-cadbury-scare-food-industry-navigates-around-halal-processing-standar. Moberg, M., 2010.Fair trade and social justice: Global ethnographies. NYU Press. Pelsmacker, P.D., Janssens, W., Sterckx, E. and Mielants, C., 2006. Fair trade beliefs, attitudes and buying behaviour of Belgian consumers.International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,11(2), pp.125-138. Raynolds, L.T., Long, M.A., Murray, D.L. and Wilkinson, J., 2007.Fair/alternative Trade: historical and empirical dimensions(pp. 15-32). Routledge. The, G Retrieved on 12th August, 2016, 'Cadbury contained Salmonella bacteria', https://www.theguardian.com/business/2006/aug/03/food.foodanddrink.

Hamlets Madness Essays (2601 words) - Characters In Hamlet

Hamlets Madness Hamlet's Madness The issue of madness is one of major importance in this play. Is Hamlet truly mad, meaning insane? Or is he merely angry? Does he feign madness and use it as a guise? Or does he place himself so dangerously close to the line between sanity and insanity that he crosses it without even realizing it? Or is he so intelligent, cunning and in control that this is merely the playing out of his completely conceived and well-executed plan of attack? The patient is a thirty year-old male. He is Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, an introspective, grieving young member of the royalty, plagued by the recent death of his father, and the hasty marriage of his mother to his uncle, Claudius. He is capable of depressing anyone around him; the King and Queen attempt to pry Hamlet from his mourning. As relations become more strained between Hamlet and Claudius, his attitude becomes destitute. He begins to withdraw himself from everyone in the castle, and spends most of his time in solitude; he is often seen wa lking alone, talking to himself. Upon deeper investigation, it is discovered that Hamlet is seeing the ghost of the ex-King of Denmark, Hamlets father. The ghost becomes Hamlets counselor, guiding him through his everyday maze of depression and confusion. It is through the ghost of his father that he learns that Claudius, the new King of Denmark, is solely responsible for his fathers foul and most unnatural murder (I.v.26). He claims that he is told to seek revenge on his fathers murder by murdering Claudius. Hamlet sees the ghost at various times over the course of the play, appearing when he is in need of help. Hamlets condition persists, gradually getting worse, as he becomes increasingly more aggressive and violent. His behavior towards Ophelia, the woman he loves, becomes erratic. He has violent outbursts towards his mother. He kills various members of the castle without explanation. Hamlet is clearly out of control, and is in need of a psychological evaluation. The most major of mental illnesses is schizophrenia, a psychotic illness, where the patient is out of touch with reality. In this disease, thoughts may be deranged or delusions without basis may arise. The individual tends to withdraw from their already little social contact. They become unresponsive and lose interest in normal activities. Emotionally, they can be irritable, angry, aggressive, and even violent at times. At other times, they can have an obsession with death, or voices can be heard or visions seen. The reasons for this change often appear unexplainable to relatives and friends. Some try to explain this new behavior as due to stresses, past or present, especially from interpersonal difficulties and mishaps. It is generally a devastating illness, troublesome to the patient and painful to the relatives and sometimes offensive to society. (Chong, 1) William Shakespeares literary opus Hamlet is an adventure story of the highest quality, a tale of the psychological trials of a man who is isolated from the society he must live in, and a portrait of a family driven to bloody and gruesome murder by one mans lust for power (King, 1). In his essay Hamlet: A Riddle in Greatness, Louis Kronenberger states that even on the surface, Hamlet remains among the greatest of unsolved psychological mysteries, and the one that has been provided with the most solutions (1). The theme of madness in Hamlet has been one of great discussion; there is much conflicting evidence that can be found when trying to prove the validity of the claim to Hamlets true madness. The patient, Hamlet, prince of Denmark, has been diagnosed with schizophrenia due to his erratic, sometimes irrational behavior. Ever since the death of his father, King Hamlet, young Hamlet has been what appeared to be in a state of madness. This case study on Hamlets condition will cite many instances in William Shakespeares Hamlet in which the patient has acted in a schizophrenic, meaning mad, manner. Hamlets madness is the result of his fragile, overanalytical personality being confronted with a great deal of anguish. Hamlets madness is apparent even before he sees the ghost of his father. At the start of the play,

Metonymy - Definition and Examples

Metonymy s Metonymy is a figure of speech (or trope) in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which its closely associated (such as crown for royalty). Metonymy is also the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things around it, as in describing someones clothing to characterize the individual. Adjective: metonymic. A variant of metonymy is synecdoche. Etymology: From the Greek, change of name Examples and Observations In a corner, a cluster of lab coats made lunch plans.(Karen Green, Bough Down. Siglio, 2013)Many standard items of vocabulary are metonymic. A red-letter day is important, like the feast days marked in red on church calendars. . . . On the level of slang, a redneck is a stereotypical member of the white rural working class in the Southern U.S., originally a reference to necks sunburned from working in the fields.(Connie Eble, Metonymy. The Oxford Companion to the English Language, 1992)In Stockholm, Sweden, where Obama was traveling on Wednesday, the White House praised the vote and said that it would continue to seek support for a military response(David Espo, Obama Wins Backing From Senate Panel on Syria Strike. Associated Press, September 5, 2013)Whitehall prepares for a hung parliament.(The Guardian, January 1, 2009)Fear gives wings.(Romanian proverb)He used the events to show the Silicon Valley crowd that he was just like themand that he understood their financial needs better t han the suits on Wall Street.(Businessweek, 2003) I stopped at a bar and had a couple of double Scotches. They didnt do me any good. All they did was make me think of Silver Wig, and I never saw her again.(Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep) Using Part of an Expression for the Whole One of the favorite American metonymic processes is the one in which a part of a longer expression is used to stand for the whole expression. Here are some examples of the part of an expression for the whole expression metonymy in American English: Danish for Danish pastryshocks for shock absorberswallets for wallet-sized photosRidgemont High for Ridgemont High Schoolthe States for the United States (Zoltn Kà ¶vecses, American English: An Introduction. Broadview, 2000) The Real World and the Metonymic World [I]n the case of metonymy, . . . one object stands for another. For example, understanding the sentence The ham sandwich left a big tip. Involves identifying the ham sandwich with the thing he or she ate and setting up a domain in which the ham sandwich refers to the person. This domain is separate from the real world, in which the phrase ham sandwich refers to a ham sandwich. The distinction between the real world and the metonymic world can be seen in the sentence: The waitress spoke to the complaining ham sandwich and then she took it away. This sentence does not make sense; it uses the phrase ham sandwich to refer both to the person (in the metonymic world) and a ham sandwich (in the real world). (Arthur B. Markman, Knowledge Representation. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999) Going to Bed The following trivial metonymic [utterance] may serve as an illustration of an idealized cognitive model: (1) Lets go to bed now. Going to bed is typically understood metonymically in the sense of going to sleep. This metonymic target forms part of an idealized script in our culture: when I want to sleep, I first go to bed before I lie down and fall asleep. Our knowledge of this sequence of acts is exploited in metonymy: in referring to the initial act we evoke the whole sequence of acts, in particular the central act of sleeping. (Gà ¼nter Radden, The Ubiquity of Metonymy. Cognitive and Discourse Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy, ed. by Josà © Luis Otal Campo, Ignasi Navarro i Ferrando, and Begoà ±a Bellà ©s Fortuà ±o. Universitat Jaume, 2005) Metonymy in Cigarette Advertising Metonymy is common in cigarette advertising in countries where legislation prohibits depictions of the cigarettes themselves or of people using them. (Daniel Chandler, Semiotics. Routledge, 2007)Metonymic ads often feature a specific product attribute: Benson Hedges the gold cigarette box, Silk Cut the use of purple, Marlboro the use of red . . .. (Sean Brierley, The Advertising Handbook. Routledge, 1995)As a form of association, metonymy is particularly powerful in making arguments. It not only links two disparate signs but makes an implicit argument about their similarities. . . . One of the most famous cigarette slogans was developed by Sigmund Freuds nephew, Edward Bernays who, in creating the phrase Youve come a long way, baby! hoped to expunge the hussy label from women who smoked publicly by referring to cigarettes as torches of freedom. This was one of the early examples of an advertising slogan that relied on social context to be imbued with meaning. As with most good meto nyms, this image was linked with a cultural referent that aided in the persuasion. (Jonathan W. Rose, Making Pictures in Our Heads: Government Advertising in Canada. Greenwood, 2000) The Difference Between Metaphor and Metonymy Metaphor creates the relation between its objects, while metonymy presupposes that relation. (Hugh Bredin, Metonymy. Poetics Today, 1984)Metonymy and metaphor also have fundamentally different functions. Metonymy is about referring: a method of naming or identifying something by mentioning something else which is a component part or symbolically linked. In contrast, a metaphor is about understanding and interpretation: it is a means to understand or explain one phenomenon by describing it in terms of another. (Murray Knowles and Rosamund Moon, Introducing Metaphor. Routledge, 2006)If metaphor works by transposing qualities from one plane of reality to another, metonymy works by associating meanings within the same plane. . . . The representation of reality inevitably involves a metonym: we choose a part of reality to stand for the whole. The urban settings of television crime serials are metonyms- a photographed street is not meant to stand for the street itself, but as a metonym of a particular type of city lifeinner-city squalor, suburban respectability, or city-centre sophistication. (John Fiske, Introduction to Communication Studies, 2nd ed. Routledge, 1992) The Difference Between Metonymy and Synecdoche Metonymy resembles and is sometimes confused with the trope of synecdoche. While likewise based on a principle of contiguity, synecdoche occurs when a part is used to represent a whole or a whole to represent a part, as when workers are referred to as hands or when a national football team is signified by reference to the nation to which it belongs: England beat Sweden. As way of example, the saying that The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world illustrates the difference between metonymy and synecdoche. Here, the hand is a synecdochic representation of the mother of whom it is a part, while the cradle represents a child by close association. (Nina Norgaard, Beatrix Busse, and Rocà ­o Montoro, Key Terms in Stylistics. Continuum, 2010) Semantic Metonymy An oft-cited example of metonymy is the noun tongue, which designates not only a human organ but also a human capacity in which the organ plays a conspicuous part. Another noted example is the change of orange from the name of a fruit to the color of that fruit. Since orange refers to all instances of the color, this change also includes generalization. A third example (Bolinger, 1971) is the verb want, which once meant lack and changed to the contiguous sense of desire. In these examples, both senses still survive. Such examples are established; where several meanings survive, we have semantic metonymy: the meanings are related and also independent of each other. Orange is a polysemic word, its two distinct and nondependent meanings metonymically related. (Charles Ruhl, On Monosemy: A Study in Linguistic Semantics. SUNY Press, 1989) Discourse-Pragmatic Functions of Metonymy One of the most important discourse-pragmatic functions of metonymy is to enhance cohesion and coherence of the utterance. It is something that is already at the very heart of metonymy as a conceptual operation where one content stands for another but both are actively activated at least to some degree. In other words, metonymy is an efficient way of saying two things for the price of one, i.e. two concepts are activated while only one is explicitly mentioned (cf. Radden Kà ¶vecses 1999:19). This necessarily enhances the cohesion of an utterance because two topical concepts are referred to by means of one label, and there is consequently, at least nominally, less shifting or switching between these two topics. (Mario Brdar and Rita Brdar-Szabà ³, The (Non-)Metonymic Uses of Place Names in English, German, Hungarian, and Croatian. Metonymy and Metaphor in Grammar, ed. by Klaus-Uwe Panther, Linda L. Thornburg, and Antonio Barcelona. John Benjamins, 2009) Pronunciation: me-TON-uh-me Also Known As: denominatio, misnamer, transmutation